在CentOS 6.x上，默认自带的Python是2.6.x版本，这个版本的Python有点老了，比如“collections.OrderedDict”就是2.7才有的，而且著名的Python Web框架Django的新版（如：1.7）就不支持Python2.6，最低要求是2.7了。而一些公司或者共有云上的服务器就是使用CentOS6.x，所以也就有了升级Python到2.7的需求。
升级Python之前，需要先安装一些工具和软件库，否则后面安装Python或pip时可能出错。
Python2.7通过源码安装，python可行执行程序默认是安装在/usr/local/bin/，一般来在$PATH中，/usr/local/bin是优先使用的（如果不是，需要自己设置一下PATH环境变量）。
在安装完python后，还需要安装easy_install和pip这两个最常用工具。
整个安装过程，我总结过如下一个Shell脚本（以安装Python2.7.8为例，以root权限运行），供参考：
https://github.com/smilejay/shell/blob/master/sh2014/install_py27_on_centos.sh
|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 |
#!/bin/bash # a script to install python 2.7 on CentOS 6.x system. # CentOS 6.x has python 2.6 by default, while some software (e.g. django1.7) # need python 2.7. # install some necessary tools & libs echo "install some necessary tools & libs" yum groupinstall "Development tools" yum install openssl-devel zlib-devel ncurses-devel bzip2-devel readline-devel yum install libtool-ltdl-devel sqlite-devel tk-devel tcl-devel sleep 5 # download and install python version='2.7.8' python_url="https://www.python.org/ftp/python/$version/Python-${version}.tgz" # check current python version echo "before installation, your python version is: $(python -V &2>1)" python -V 2>&1 | grep "$version" if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then echo "current version is the same as this installation." echo "Quit as no need to install." exit 0 fi echo "download/build/install your python" cd /tmp wget --no-check-certificate $python_url tar -zxf Python-${version}.tgz cd Python-${version} ./configure make -j 4 make install sleep 5 echo "check your installed python" python -V 2>&1 | grep "$version" if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then echo "python -V is not your installed version" /usr/local/bin/python -V 2>&1 | grep "$version" if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then echo "installation failed. use '/usr/local/bin/python -V' to have a check" fi exit 1 fi sleep 5 # install setuptools echo "install setuptools" wget --no-check-certificate https://bitbucket.org/pypa/setuptools/raw/bootstrap/ez_setup.py python ez_setup.py # check easy_install version easy_install --version sleep 5 # install pip for the new python echo "install pip for the new python" easy_install pip # check pip version pip -V echo "Finished. Well done!" echo "If 'python -V' still shows the old version, you may need to re-login." echo "And/or set /usr/local/bin in the front of your PATH environment variable." echo "-------------------------" |
一篇参考文档：
https://github.com/h2oai/h2o/wiki/Installing-python-2.7-on-centos-6.3.-Follow-this-sequence-exactly-for-centos-machine-only
脚本很好用，wget 加上--no-check-certificate选项要好些。
很好的建议；已加上了。wget https url时，确实我也可能遇到过证书的问题。